The Second World War, a period marked by profound global turmoil and transformation, has been a common subject for filmmakers around the world. Japanese cinema, in particular, offers a unique and insightful perspective on this historical era. Japanese directors have utilized the setting of World War II to create films that are not only historically significant but also deeply human, examining the impacts of war on individual lives and the moral dilemmas faced by those involved. The films on this list explore the war from various angles, from the front lines to the home front, from the perspectives of soldiers to those of civilians, and from tales of heroism to stories of despair. These entries explore the complexities of war, offering narratives that are as diverse as they are compelling. Without further ado, let’s take a look at the ten best Japanese WW2 films of all time.
10. The Human Bullet – Kihachi Okamoto (1968)
“The Human Bullet,” directed by Kihachi Okamoto, is a stark anti-war film set during the final days of World War II. The story centers on a young, hapless Japanese soldier, Ito, who is assigned to a suicide mission against an American warship. As he prepares for the mission, Ito’s journey becomes a surreal and absurd exploration of the futility and madness of war. The narrative traverses through Ito’s internal conflicts and the surreal experiences he encounters, reflecting the chaotic and often nonsensical nature of war. The film uniquely combines dark humor with tragic elements, highlighting the absurdity and tragedy of the human condition under the extreme pressures of war.
Okamoto’s direction challenges conventional war narratives, presenting a critical view of patriotism and military duty. The film’s stylistic choices, including abrupt tonal shifts and fragmented storytelling, enhance its critique of war’s irrationality. “The Human Bullet” remains a significant film in Japanese cinema, notable for its bold and unconventional approach to depicting the realities of war. Its impact lies in its ability to blend dark satire with poignant insights into the human experience during wartime, standing out for its candid portrayal of a soldier’s psychological turmoil and the devastating effects of war on individual lives.
9. Japan’s Longest Day – Kihachi Okamoto (1967)
“Japan’s Longest Day,” also directed by Kihachi Okamoto, explores the political and military turmoil inside Japan on the eve of its surrender in World War II. The film carefully details the 24 hours leading up to Emperor Hirohito’s decision to end the war, focusing on the internal conflicts and coup attempts by military officers who refuse to accept defeat. The narrative is a tense, dramatic account of the struggle between the desire for peace and the pressures of military pride and honor. Okamoto’s portrayal of this critical juncture in history is both gripping and insightful, shedding light on the complex decision-making processes during these chaotic times.
The film’s strength lies in its detailed characterizations of historical figures and its dramatic reenactment of these crucial hours. Okamoto skillfully balances historical detail with human drama, creating a film that is both educational and emotionally engaging. Using a mix of documentary-style elements and dramatic storytelling, it captures the tension and uncertainty that permeated the final moments before Japan’s surrender. “Japan’s Longest Day” is celebrated for its historical accuracy, powerful performances, and its dramatic portrayal of a nation at a crossroads, ensuring its place as one of the best Japanese WW2 films. It remains an important cinematic work, providing a unique perspective on the complexities and turmoil of Japan’s surrender.
8. Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence – Nagisa Ōshima (1983)
“Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence,” directed by Nagisa Ōshima, is a compelling war drama set in a Japanese POW camp during World War II. The film focuses on the cultural clash and psychological battle between the camp’s British prisoners, led by Lieutenant Colonel Lawrence, and the Japanese camp commandant, Captain Yonoi. The arrival of Major Celliers, a charismatic and rebellious British officer, intensifies the tension, leading to a complex exploration of honor, duty, and forbidden emotions. Ōshima adeptly navigates the relationships and power dynamics within the camp, revealing the profound impact of cultural differences and war on the human psyche.
Ōshima’s direction brings a unique perspective to the war film genre, blending psychological drama with themes of cultural misunderstanding and the human capacity for empathy. The interplay between the characters, underscored by Ōshima’s storytelling, creates a captivating narrative that transcends the usual war movie tropes. The film’s stark portrayal of life in a POW camp is counterbalanced by its exploration of mutual respect and understanding between enemies. The atmospheric soundtrack, including the memorable title track by Ryuichi Sakamoto, further enhances the film’s emotional resonance. “Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence” stands out for its emotional depth and its poignant exploration of the human spirit in extreme conditions.
7. Under the Flag of the Rising Sun – Kinji Fukasaku (1972)
“Under the Flag of the Rising Sun,” directed by Kinji Fukasaku, is a powerful drama about a woman’s quest to clear her husband’s name, who was executed for desertion during World War II. The film follows her journey as she meets the surviving members of her husband’s unit, only to uncover conflicting accounts of what happened. Each testimony reveals the brutal reality of life for Japanese soldiers, reflecting on themes of honor, survival, and the ambiguity of truth in wartime. Fukasaku’s approach brings together a complex assortmen of memories and perspectives, highlighting the often overlooked psychological scars left by war.
Fukasaku uses a non-linear narrative and documentary-style interviews to craft a story that challenges the official war narrative. This storytelling method effectively immerses the viewer in the fragmented and often contradictory nature of wartime memories. The exploration of the human cost of war and the subjective nature of truth makes it a thought-provoking and emotional experience. The raw and honest portrayals of the soldiers, coupled with Fukasaku’s sharp critique of war, make this one of the best Japanese WW2 films ever made. “Under the Flag of the Rising Sun” is noted for its critical perspective on Japanese military conduct and the nationalistic fervor of the era. It is a significant contribution to war cinema, offering a deeply human and compassionate look at the soldiers’ experiences during World War II.
6. Fort Graveyard – Kihachi Okamoto (1965)
“Fort Graveyard,” directed by Kihachi Okamoto, is set in the Philippines during World War II and tells the story of a Japanese army unit tasked with building a strategic defense position. The film focuses on the unit’s commander, Lieutenant Sakuma, who struggles with the futility of their mission and the senseless loss of life. As the American forces close in, Sakuma and his men face the harsh realities of war, with the film portraying the tension between duty and humanity. The narrative explores the internal conflicts within the unit, as well as the psychological impact of the war on each soldier. “Fort Graveyard” combines elements of action and drama, presenting a gritty and realistic portrayal of the Japanese military experience.
Okamoto’s film is notable for its character-driven narrative and its balanced portrayal of the Japanese soldiers, who are depicted with depth and empathy. The direction captures the tragic irony of war, emphasizing the personal sacrifices and moral quandaries encountered by the soldiers. The film challenges the glorification of war, instead focusing on the individual experiences and moral dilemmas faced by soldiers. Okamoto’s unique approach elevates ‘Fort Graveyard’ beyond a traditional war film, making it a thought-provoking and emotionally resonant piece. “Fort Graveyard” is praised for its powerful storytelling and its depiction of the human aspect of war.
5. Red Angel – Yasuzō Masumura (1966)
“Red Angel,” directed by Yasuzō Masumura, is a stark and emotionally charged film set during the time of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The story focuses on Sakura Nishi, a young army nurse who is sent to the front lines. There, she faces the brutal realities of war, caring for soldiers with severe injuries and dealing with the emotional and physical toll the war has on both the wounded and the medical staff. Through Nishi’s experiences, the film takes a look at the often-overlooked aspects of war, including the psychological scars it leaves on those who serve as healers. “Red Angel” paints a vivid picture of the horrors of war, exploring themes of human suffering, compassion, and the moral dilemmas faced by medical professionals in wartime.
Masumura’s direction is unflinching in its portrayal of the harsh conditions and the psychological impact of war. The film is known for its raw and powerful narrative, as well as its depiction of a strong female character navigating through a male-dominated military world. Ayako Wakao’s performance as Nishi is both moving and profound, bringing a depth of emotion to her character’s challenging journey. “Red Angel” stands out for its humanistic approach and its candid portrayal of the complexities of war, making it one of the best Japanese WW2 films of all time. It offers a rare and compelling perspective on the role of women in wartime settings, highlighting their resilience and strength.
4. Fires on the Plain – Kon Ichikawa (1959)
“Fires on the Plain,” directed by Kon Ichikawa, is a harrowing depiction of the struggle for survival during the final days of World War II in the Philippines. The film follows Private Tamura, a Japanese soldier suffering from tuberculosis, as he navigates a hellish landscape of despair and degradation. Abandoned by his unit and struggling to survive amidst starvation and sickness, Tamura’s journey becomes a nightmarish odyssey reflecting the dehumanizing effects of war. The film’s raw portrayal of Tamura’s ordeal, as he encounters other soldiers and civilians in similarly dire circumstances, underscores the universal suffering caused by war.
Ichikawa’s film is notable for its unflinching realism and its powerful anti-war message. The director’s use of stark visuals and minimal dialogue enhances the sense of isolation and hopelessness experienced by the protagonist. The cinematography captures the bleak and barren landscapes, serving as a metaphor for the desolation of the human spirit in times of war. “Fires on the Plain” is regarded as one of the most brutal and honest depictions of the horrors of war. Its critical view of the devastating impact of conflict on the individual psyche has earned it enduring acclaim in the genre of war cinema. The film’s portrayal of the physical and moral degradation of soldiers remains a profound statement on the futility and cruelty of war.
3. The Burmese Harp – Kon Ichikawa (1956)
“The Burmese Harp,” another entry directed by Kon Ichikawa, is anemotional story set during the closing days of World War II. The film follows Private Mizushima, a Japanese soldier and harpist, who becomes separated from his unit in Burma. Mizushima’s journey becomes a profound reflection on the senselessness of war and the redemptive qualities of human kindness. After witnessing the devastation of war, he embarks on a spiritual journey, disguising himself as a Buddhist monk and burying the bodies of dead soldiers. “The Burmese Harp” is a moving tale of redemption, humanity, and the transformative power of music amidst the horrors of war.
Ichikawa’s film is celebrated for its poetic storytelling, stunning cinematography, and its deeply humanistic approach. The film’s use of the Burmese landscape and its cultural essence adds further layers to the narrative. The portrayal of Mizushima’s transformation from a soldier to a monk symbolizes the possibility of peace and reconciliation after the devastation of war. His journey, marked by moments of quiet contemplation and interesting encounters, underscores the universality of suffering and the desire for peace. “The Burmese Harp” is not just a war film but a testament to the endurance of the human spirit, making it one of the best Japanese WW2 films ever made.
2. The Human Condition I: No Greater Love – Masaki Kobayashi (1959)
“The Human Condition I: No Greater Love,” directed by Masaki Kobayashi, is the first part of an epic trilogy exploring the impact of World War II on a Japanese pacifist. The film follows Kaji, a labor camp supervisor who attempts to apply his humanitarian beliefs to the harsh realities of war and oppression. As he navigates the complexities of his role, he confronts moral dilemmas and the cruelty of the war machine. Kaji’s journey highlights the struggle between personal ethics and the demands of a war-torn society. Kobayashi’s film is a profound examination of the struggle to maintain humanity amidst inhuman conditions.
Kobayashi’s masterful storytelling and brutal realism paint a powerful picture of the human cost of war. Through careful character development and narrative depth, the film immerses the audience in Kaji’s many predicaments. Tatsuya Nakadai delivers an iconic performance, embodying Kaji’s internal conflict and his fight against dehumanization. “The Human Condition I: No Greater Love” is celebrated for its historical accuracy, emotional depth, and its critique of militarism and totalitarianism. Its blend of personal narrative and broader social critique makes it a deeply affecting and thought-provoking film. This film sets the stage for the rest of the trilogy, establishing itself as a monumental work in Japanese cinema.
1. Grave of the Fireflies – Isao Takahata (1988)
“Grave of the Fireflies,” directed by Isao Takahata, is an animated film that tells the heartbreaking story of two siblings, Seita and Setsuko, struggling to survive in Japan during the final months of World War II. After losing their mother in a firebombing, the children are forced to fend for themselves amidst the devastation and scarcity of war-torn Japan. Their journey through the ruins of their country serves as an emotional reflection on the cost of war and its impact on the most vulnerable. The film is a tragic tale of the innocent victims of war, highlighting the resilience, love, and bond between the brother and sister in the face of unimaginable hardship. “Grave of the Fireflies” is renowned for its emotional impact, stunning animation, and its powerful anti-war message.
Takahata’s film is widely considered a masterpiece of animation and a landmark in war cinema. The director’s meticulous attention to detail and the gut-wrenching narrative combine to create a deeply affecting experience. Its portrayal of the effects of war on civilians, particularly children, is both moving and harrowing, ensuring its place as one of the best Japanese WW2 films of all time. The use of animation to convey such a powerful story has been praised for its creativity and emotional depth. “Grave of the Fireflies” is not only a film about the tragedy of war but also a testament to the enduring spirit of humanity in the darkest of times. It remains one of the most profound and emotionally resonant works in all of animated cinema, touching the hearts of audiences worldwide.
Summary
To summarise, here are the ten best Japanese WW2 films of all time:
- The Human Bullet – Kihachi Okamoto (1968)
- Japan’s Longest Day – Kihachi Okamoto (1967)
- Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence – Nagisa Ōshima (1983)
- Under the Flag of the Rising Sun – Kinji Fukasaku (1972)
- Fort Graveyard – Kihachi Okamoto (1965)
- Red Angel – Yasuzō Masumura (1966)
- Fires on the Plain – Kon Ichikawa (1959)
- The Burmese Harp – Kon Ichikawa (1956)
- The Human Condition I: No Greater Love – Masaki Kobayashi (1959)
- Grave of the Fireflies – Isao Takahata (1988)
