The 1920s was a time of remarkable innovation and creativity, a period where the boundaries of filmmaking were expanded and redefined. This decade saw the emergence of groundbreaking techniques in cinematography, narrative techniques, and visual storytelling, setting the foundation for the future of the film industry. Each film in this list is proof of the era’s inventive spirit and artistic prowess, from the haunting shadows of German Expressionism to grand epics portraying historical tales. Join us as we revisit these timeless classics, each offering a glimpse into the themes, styles, and visions that captivated audiences of the time. Without further ado, let’s take a look at the ten best films of the 1920s.
10. Nosferatu – F. W. Murnau (1922)
Nosferatu, directed by F. W. Murnau in 1922, is a masterpiece of silent cinema that reinterprets Bram Stoker’s Dracula, making it one of the earliest examples of vampire cinema. The story unfolds with Count Orlok, a mysterious and terrifying figure, whose gaunt and shadowy presence immediately invokes a sense of dread, expressing interest in acquiring a new residence. Hutter, a somewhat naive and unassuming real estate agent, ventures to Orlok’s isolated castle, oblivious to the true nature of his client. As the film progresses, it portrays a series of eerie events and ominous signs, hinting at Count Orlok’s true vampiric identity.
The visual style of Nosferatu is a standout element, with its masterful use of shadows and light creating not just unease, but a constant sense of lurking danger and suspense. F. W. Murnau’s direction elevates the film beyond mere horror, giving it an almost otherworldly atmosphere. The performance of Max Schreck as Count Orlok is not only haunting and memorable, but it also gives off a sense of unsettling authenticity, firmly establishing the character’s place in cinematic history. With its groundbreaking visual storytelling and atmosphere of dread, Nosferatu is not only a pivotal film in the horror genre but also a significant influence on later filmmakers in their exploration of themes related to fear, the supernatural, and the unsettling realms of the unknown.
9. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari – Robert Wiene (1920)
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, directed by Robert Wiene, is a German silent horror film that revolutionized visual storytelling and has left a lasting impact on the film industry. The story focuses on Dr. Caligari, an enigmatic showman with a mysterious and ominous aura, who exhibits a somnambulist (someone who sleepwalks), Cesare, at a local fair. In a sinister turn of events, Dr. Caligari uses Cesare to commit murders, leading to a series of mysterious deaths in the town. As tension escalates, Francis, a young and determined man, starts investigating these strange occurrences, slowly peeling back layers of deception to unravel a deeper, more unsettling truth.
This film is renowned for its groundbreaking expressionist style, characterized by dramatically distorted sets, sharp angles, and bold contrasts that visually express the inner turmoil and fragmented reality of its characters. The visual design not only complements but also enhances the twisted and surreal narrative, creating a sense of disorientation and psychological unease. The performances, particularly Werner Krauss as Dr. Caligari and Conrad Veidt as Cesare, are both compelling and disconcerting, blurring the lines between reality and madness. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a timeless work that explores the darker aspects of human psyche and perception, ensuring its place as one of the best films of the 1920s.
8. The Phantom Carriage – Victor Sjöström (1921)
“The Phantom Carriage”, directed by Victor Sjöström in, is as an influential work of Swedish horror cinema. The narrative revolves around David Holm, a man deeply haunted by his past decisions and relationships. On the transformative night of New Year’s Eve, a fateful encounter leads him to confront the specter of a ghostly carriage that is said to collect the souls of the dead. This eerie carriage becomes a symbol of Holm’s own burdens and regrets. As the story progresses, Holm reflects on themes of life, death, and redemption, pondering the consequences of his actions and the potential for atonement.
Sjöström’s film is notable for its innovative use of special effects, particularly double exposure, to create ghostly images that were groundbreaking for their time and also significantly influenced future filmmakers. These visual techniques lend a surreal quality to the film, blurring the lines between reality and the supernatural. The storytelling, combining flashbacks and present events, forms a complex character study of Holm, while the cinematography captures the bleak beauty of the Swedish landscape, further enhancing the film’s haunting mood. “The Phantom Carriage” is a contemplation of human frailty and the possibility of change.
7. Die Nibelungen: Siegfried – Fritz Lang (1924)
Fritz Lang’s “Die Nibelungen: Siegfried” is an epic silent film that draws from Germanic myth and legend, immersing the audience in a world of heroic sagas and ancient lore. The plot follows the heroic adventures of Siegfried, a prince who forges an invincible sword, slays a dragon, and triumphantly wins the treasure of the Nibelungs. His journey then leads him to the court of King Gunther, where he becomes involved in complex royal intrigue and romance. Siegfried’s story is one of bravery, love, and tragic conflict, as he navigates a world filled with ancient warriors and mythical beasts in a narrative that is both grandiose and emotionally powerful.
Lang’s direction brings a grand scale to the film, with elaborate sets and costumes that effortlessly transport viewers to a mythical past. The film’s visual style, combining German expressionism with epic storytelling, effortlessly creates a vivid and memorable cinematic experience that captivates and mesmerizes its audience. The performances, particularly Paul Richter as Siegfried, convey the heroic and larger-than-life aspects of the characters in a manner that is both commanding and deeply engaging. “Die Nibelungen: Siegfried” is a cinematic journey into the heart of legendary tales that have shaped almost all of modern culture, making it one of the best films of the 1920s.
6. The Gold Rush – Charlie Chaplin (1925)
“The Gold Rush,” directed by Charlie Chaplin, is a classic that brilliantly combines comedy and adventure. The story follows the Tramp, portrayed by Chaplin with his iconic blend of humor and emotion, as he ventures into the unforgiving landscape of the Klondike in search of gold. Amidst the extreme and often comic conditions and a series of heartwarming misadventures, the Tramp encounters a variety of characters, including a rough and gruff fellow prospector and a charming dance hall girl, each adding depth and humor to the narrative. His journey is characterized by iconic scenes that mix humor with Chaplin’s signature style.
Chaplin’s genius in physical comedy shines throughout the film, with sequences that are both hilarious and visually engaging, demonstrating a masterful balance between slapstick and subtle humor. The film is not just a comedy but also a commentary on the human spirit, showcasing resilience and hope in the face of adversity, reflecting the timeless appeal of Chaplin’s work. “The Gold Rush” is celebrated for its inventive narrative and memorable moments, like the famous dance of the dinner rolls, which remains one of the most iconic scenes in film history. It stands as a testament to Chaplin’s enduring impact on the art of cinema, elevating the silent film genre to new heights.
5. Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans – F. W. Murnau (1927)
“Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans,” directed by F. W. Murnau, is renowned for its exploration of themes of love, betrayal, and redemption. The plot focuses on a farmer, whose soul is deeply divided between his wife and a seductive woman from the city. His inner turmoil leads him to contemplate a dark decision that could change their lives forever, plunging him into a moral issue that tests the very fabric of his character. The film’s narrative unfolds as a complex emotional journey, examining the depths and resilience of the human heart, and the path to reconciliation and understanding.
Murnau’s mastery in visual storytelling is evident in “Sunrise,” with innovative camera techniques that create a dreamlike quality, transporting viewers into a world where emotions are brought to life. The film’s use of light and shadow, combined with fluid camera movements, contributes to its emotional depth and visual appeal. The performances, particularly by George O’Brien and Janet Gaynor, are deeply expressive, capturing the nuances of their characters’ emotional turmoil with a sensitivity and depth that resonates with the audience. “Sunrise” is a moving experience that reflects on the complexities of relationships and the power of forgiveness, solidifying its status as one of the best films of the 1920s.
4. Sherlock, Jr. – Buster Keaton (1924)
In “Sherlock, Jr.”, a comedy film directed by and starring Buster Keaton, the boundaries of reality and imagination blur in an inventive way. The story follows a movie projectionist, charismatically played by Keaton, who has aspirations of becoming a detective, similar to Sherlock Holmes. Caught in a web of misunderstanding, after being falsely accused of stealing a pocket watch, he falls asleep on the job and imaginatively dreams himself into a film as the world’s greatest detective, Sherlock Jr. In this dream world, he embarks on a whimsical and daring adventure to solve a perplexing crime and clear his name, navigating through a series of humorous and challenging scenarios.
Keaton’s film is a marvel of visual comedy and innovative filmmaking techniques, showcasing his genius in combining slapstick humor with technical innovation. The blend of reality and fantasy, achieved through pioneering camera tricks, makes “Sherlock, Jr.” a groundbreaking work of its era, forever changing the landscape of comedic cinema. Keaton’s physical comedy and deadpan expression adds further layers of humor and charm to the film, making his character both endearing and unforgettable. This film is celebrated not only for its comedic value but also for its creative storytelling and the way it expands the possibilities of cinema, paving the way for future generations of filmmakers.
3. The Passion of Joan of Arc – Carl Theodor Dreyer (1928)
“The Passion of Joan of Arc”, directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer, presents a powerful and emotional portrayal of Joan of Arc’s trial and execution. The film focuses on the final hours of Joan’s life, depicting her interrogation, her struggle with her faith, and her ultimate martyrdom. The intense scrutiny she undergoes is both harrowing and gripping, keeping viewers on the edge of their seats. Renée Jeanne Falconetti delivers a moving performance as Joan, capturing the intensity of her faith and the deep anguish of her persecution. The film’s focus is predominantly on her face and expressions, creating an intimate and intense portrayal of her character.
Dreyer’s direction is notable for its minimalist approach, using close-ups and sparse sets to enhance the emotional gravity of the narrative. The cinematography emphasizes Falconetti’s expressive performance, making it one of the most celebrated in cinema history. Every frame is a testament to the power of visual storytelling, where less is indeed more. The film’s visual style and its focus on the human aspect of Joan’s story make it a timeless and deeply affecting work. “The Passion of Joan of Arc” is a deeply human story that explores themes of faith, courage, and conviction, making it one of the best films of the 1920s.
2. Napoleon – Abel Gance (1927)
“Napoleon”, directed by Abel Gance, is an epic silent film that chronicles the early years of Napoleon Bonaparte. The narrative traces his journey from a zealous and ambitious young student at Brienne to his rapid rise as a military leader during the period of the French Revolution. The film is renowned for its innovative cinematography and ambitious scope, capturing both the personal and political challenges Napoleon faces, combining both public and private realms. Gance’s portrayal of key historical events, combined with intimate moments in Napoleon’s life, creates a multifaceted depiction of the iconic figure, blending historical grandeur with personal drama.
Abel Gance’s directorial approach in “Napoleon” was groundbreaking, particularly in its use of the wide-screen Polyvision technique in some of its sequences, a pioneering method that enhanced the visual impact of the film. The film is a technical and artistic marvel, featuring sweeping battle scenes and in-depth character studies, which magnify the epic scale and emotional strength of the story. The visual storytelling, combined with a dynamic narrative structure, offers a captivating experience, immersing viewers in a historical journey. “Napoleon” is a innovative piece of work that pushed the boundaries of film as an art form, making it a significant milestone in the evolution of cinematic storytelling.
1. Metropolis – Fritz Lang (1927)
“Metropolis”, directed by Fritz Lang in, is a pioneering science fiction film set in a futuristic urban dystopia. The story unfolds in a city with a noticable division between the wealthy elite and the oppressed workers. This division is not only physical but also deeply ingrained in the societal structure, creating a constant sense of tension. Freder, the son of the city’s mastermind, gradually becomes aware of the harsh realities faced by the workers and develops a deep sympathy for their plight. His journey leads him to Maria, a radiant and charismatic figure advocating for unity, igniting a chain of events that challenge the existing order and shake the foundations of their world.
Lang’s film is celebrated for its ambitious vision and stunning visual design, featuring towering skyscrapers, massive factories, and innovative special effects that were well ahead of their time. The film’s portrayal of a mechanized future not only explores themes of class struggle, technology, and human values but also paints a vivid picture of a divided society. The performances, particularly that of Brigitte Helm, capture the emotional depth of the narrative and the complexities of the characters. “Metropolis” stands as a landmark in film history, having a huge influence on countless science fiction works in various mediums, making it one of the best films of the 1920s.
Summary
To summarise, here are the ten best films of the 1920s:
- Nosferatu – F. W. Murnau (1922)
- The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari – Robert Wiene (1920)
- The Phantom Carriage – Victor Sjöström (1921)
- Die Nibelungen: Siegfried – Fritz Lang (1924)
- The Gold Rush – Charlie Chaplin (1925)
- Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans – F. W. Murnau (1927)
- Sherlock, Jr. – Buster Keaton (1924)
- The Passion of Joan of Arc – Carl Theodor Dreyer (1928)
- Napoleon – Abel Gance (1927)
- Metropolis – Fritz Lang (1927)
