Horror films of the 1920s paved the way for the spine-chilling and the surreal in cinema, providing audiences with an array of visuals and narratives that continue to influence the genre today. As we journey through these cinematic landmarks, we will uncover the early roots of horror, where groundbreaking directors and actors laid the foundation for what would become a staple of the film industry. These films are not just mere sources of entertainment but are significant cultural artifacts that reflect the fears, anxieties, and artistic trends of the era. Prepare to be transported into a world of shadowy figures, eerie settings, and narratives that challenge our perceptions of reality and fantasy. Without further ado, let’s take a look at the ten best horror films of the 1920s.
10. The Golem: How He Came into the World – Paul Wegener, Carl Boese (1920)
In the alleys of a Jewish ghetto in medieval Prague, an ancient prophecy casts a shadow of impending disaster over its inhabitants. In a desperate attempt to shield his community from this foretold doom, Rabbi Loew sculpts a colossal clay figure known as the Golem. With the invocation of ancient rituals and the power of a mystical amulet, the Rabbi succeeds in filling this earthen giant with life. Initially, the Golem rises as a formidable guardian, a silent sentinel to protect the vulnerable ghetto. However, this noble purpose gradually distorts into a darker path. As the Rabbi’s control over this mighty entity begins to weaken, the Golem embarks on an unpredictable trajectory, leading to unforeseen and alarming consequences.
“The Golem” stands as a milestone in horror cinema, acclaimed for its pioneering use of special effects and imaginative set design that were groundbreaking at the time. The film’s depiction of the Golem, an entity rooted in Jewish folklore, strikes a balance between grandeur and terror, establishing a template for the depiction of monstrous beings in subsequent horror films. Its influence goes far beyond the confines of its genre, leaving a lasting mark on the broader landscape of filmmaking through its compelling cinematography and innovative narrative approach. The film also explores themes revolving around the act of creation and the complexities of wielding control.
9. The Unknown – Tod Browning (1927)
“The Unknown” portrays a narrative of obsession and identity amidst the vibrant and unsettling backdrop of a traveling circus. The central figure, Alonzo the Armless, is a performer who has adapted to life without arms, captivating audiences with his dexterity using his feet. However, beneath his public persona, Alonzo conceals a dark secret and nurtures a deep infatuation with Nanon, the ringmaster’s daughter, whose aversion to being touched adds another layer to their twisted relationship. Alonzo’s facade of disability and a past shrouded in mystery propels the narrative forward, portraying a complex web of deception, unrequited love, and psychological tension.
Directed by Tod Browning, “The Unknown” is proof of his unparalleled ability to bring together elements of psychological horror with the grotesque. The film serves as a testament to Browning’s visionary approach to storytelling, blending the bizarre and macabre with deep explorations of the human psyche. Lon Chaney’s portrayal of Alonzo is particularly remarkable, showcasing an exceptional range of emotions and a captivating presence. This performance adds a further layer of depth to the character, making “The Unknown” one of the best horror films of the 1920s.
8. The Phantom of the Opera – Rupert Julian (1925)
“The Phantom of the Opera” takes place within the luxurious and shadowy confines of the grand Paris Opera House, a place haunted not just by artistic dramas but by a mysterious, disfigured phantom who dwells in its catacombs. The narrative focuses on this phantom’s intense and unsettling obsession with Christine Daaé, a young opera singer whose voice captivates him. His fixation creates a series of chilling, suspense-filled episodes, as he manipulates events from the shadows to elevate her career, all while concealing his true appearance and sinister intentions under a cloak of mystery. As the story progresses, the phantom’s affection for Christine morphs into something far more dangerous and possessive.
This film stands as a cornerstone in the horror genre, acclaimed for its suspenseful storytelling and pioneering advancements in set design and visual effects. The portrayal of the Phantom, brought to life by Lon Chaney, stands out as a highlight of the film. Chaney’s portrayal, characterized by horrifying makeup and a deeply expressive performance, captures the tragic and haunting essence of the character. The film’s success in conveying a sense of horror, all without the aid of sound, serves as proof of its artistic and technical achievements. Its enduring impact is evident in its numerous adaptations and its lasting influence on both the horror and thriller genres.
7. The Fall of the House of Usher – Jean Epstein (1928)
Set within the walls of an isolated mansion, shrouded in an aura of mystery and decay, “The Fall of the House of Usher” tells the story of Roderick Usher, a man consumed by a dedication to preserve the life of his gravely ill wife, Madeleine. The film captures the eerie and oppressive atmosphere of the mansion, a character in its own right, and the intense psychological torment experienced by its inhabitants. As Madeleine’s fragile health continues on a downward spiral, Roderick’s mind begins to unravel, causing a sequence of haunting and surreal events that are both captivating and disturbing. The tension in the narrative intensifies dramatically as the distinction between reality and hallucination begins to blur.
Jean Epstein’s adaptation of Edgar Allan Poe’s classic tale is heralded as a masterpiece of visual storytelling in the world of silent film. The film’s groundbreaking use of special effects creates an atmosphere that is hauntingly beautiful and deeply unsettling, creating images that linger in the mind long after the film has ended. Its deliberate emphasis on creating mood and conveying emotion through visual expression, rather than relying on dialogue, highlights the artistic capabilities and potential of silent cinema. “The Fall of the House of Usher” offers an immersive and spellbinding experience that draws viewers into its dark, mesmerizing world, ensuring its place as one of the best horror films of the 1920s.
6. A Page of Madness – Teinosuke Kinugasa (1926)
“A Page of Madness” is set within the walls of a mental asylum, where a devoted janitor chooses to work in order to maintain a semblance of connection with his wife, a patient trapped within the same desolate institution. The film blurs the lines between the janitor’s reality and his vivid hallucinations, creating a disorienting and surreal viewing experience. As he navigates through the chaotic and unpredictable world of the asylum, the narrative explores themes of love, madness, and the often indistinguishable nature of reality and illusion. The film’s approach to visual storytelling is non-linear and fragmented, mirroring the fragmented mental states of its characters, further immersing the audience in their psychological landscape.
Directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa, this groundbreaking film is recognized as a pioneering achievement in Japanese silent cinema, particularly for its bold and experimental approach to visual storytelling. The intentional omission of intertitles coupled with the use of avant-garde camera techniques creates a dreamlike atmosphere that is both captivating and unsettling. “A Page of Madness” presents a challenge to its viewers, encouraging them to actively engage in piecing together the storyline, drawing them deeper into the mental turmoil and inner world of the characters. This film stands as a haunting exploration of the human psyche that was ahead of its time in both stylistic innovation and thematic depth.
5. Nosferatu – F. W. Murnau (1922)
“Nosferatu”, directed by F. W. Murnau, us an iconic silent horror film, presenting a captivating adaptation of Bram Stoker’s legendary novel “Dracula“. The narrative focuses on the intrepid Thomas Hutter, who embarks on a perilous journey to the remote and shadow-shrouded regions of Transylvania. His mission is to meet the enigmatic Count Orlok, a figure shrouded in mystery and darkness. Upon Hutter’s arrival, he is confronted with the harrowing truth of Orlok’s vampiric nature, which sets in motion a series of bone-chilling and suspenseful events. The story reaches a terrifying climax as Count Orlok sets his sights on Hutter’s unsuspecting wife, Ellen, and brings his dark and deadly influence to the couple’s hometown.
“Nosferatu” is widely celebrated for its creation of an eerie atmosphere, achieved through its innovative and masterful use of shadows and pioneering camera techniques that create a sense of dread and foreboding. Max Schreck’s unforgettable performance as Count Orlok stands out as a high point in the film, with his spine-chilling appearance and uncanny movements solidifying him as one of the most iconic monsters in all of cinema. “Nosferatu” has influenced many films and has been instrumental in establishing the popularity of the vampire genre. “Nosferatu” remains an iconic piece of work, continuing to enthrall and terrify audiences with its timeless tale of fear, mystery, and the macabre, ensuring its place as one of the best horror films of the 1920s.
4. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari – Robert Wiene (1920)
“The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” immerses audiences in the surreal world of Dr. Caligari and his assistant, Cesare, who possesses the eerie ability to predict the future. Set in a quaint yet unsettling German town, the narrative unfolds with a series of perplexing and mysterious murders that coincide with the arrival of Dr. Caligari’s act at the local fair. The tale is told from the perspective of a young and inquisitive man named Francis, whose life takes a dramatic turn when his close friend tragically becomes a victim of the strange murders. As Francis delves deeper into the mystery, his investigation leads him down a winding path of intrigue, culminating in a startling and shocking revelation about the true nature of Dr. Caligari.
Regarded as a masterpiece of German Expressionist cinema, “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” stands out due to its highly stylized and imaginative sets, characterized by their jagged, angular landscapes and bizarre, contorted visual elements that create a dreamlike and unnerving atmosphere. The film’s visual style mirrors its complex and twisted narrative, enhancing the depth of the psychological themes it explores. The haunting portrayal of Dr. Caligari and Cesare, has become iconic, influencing the horror and suspense genres for many decades. “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” stands as a pioneering work that boldly challenges and redefines the traditional boundaries of visual storytelling.
3. The Man Who Laughs – Paul Leni (1928)
“The Man Who Laughs”, set during the time of 17th-century England, portrays the life of Gwynplaine, a character tragically marked by fate. His face has been surgically distorted into a permanent, unsettling grin by the cruel whims of the king. Found abandoned as a child, Gwynplaine is raised alongside Dea, a compassionate blind girl, remaining oblivious to the noble lineage that lies in his past. The film explores Gwynplaine’s complex journey as he grapples with his grotesque disfigurement, a feature that catapults him to fame in a traveling freak show. His internal struggle with identity, love, and acceptance takes center stage as the narrative unfolds, revealing the layers of his character and leading him towards the discovery of his true aristocratic heritage.
Under the direction of Paul Leni, “The Man Who Laughs” is renowned for its exploration of human emotions, the harsh realities of societal judgment, and the human spirit. Conrad Veidt’s performance as Gwynplaine is deeply moving, conveying a profound depth of emotion and inner turmoil, despite the character’s perpetual smile. The film brings together elements of horror, romance, and drama, creating a multifaceted cinematic experience that resonates with audiences on multiple levels. “The Man Who Laughs” stands as proof of the expressive capabilities of silent film, ensuring its place as one of the best horror films of the 1920s.
2. Faust – F. W. Murnau (1926)
“F. W. Murnau’s “Faust” presents a visually impressive retelling of Goethe’s classic story, which focuses on the weary and aged scholar, Faust, who finds himself at a moral crossroads in the face of overwhelming despair. The story unfolds with Faust confronting a plague that ravages his community, bringing suffering and death to his doorstep. In a desperate moment, Faust resorts to summoning the dark figure of Mephistopheles, ultimately forging a fateful pact that trades his eternal soul for the gifts of youth and power. This momentous decision propels Faust into an enthralling and turbulent journey, characterized by encounters of love, the seductive lure of temptation, and a relentless battle between the forces of good and evil.
Regarded as a highlight of the silent era, this film stands out thanks to its groundbreaking special effects and cinematography that complements the narrative. Murnau’s use of light and shadow creates a haunting and atmospheric visual landscape, perfectly aligning with the film’s exploration of moral themes such as the complexity of human morality and the boundless reach of ambition. The striking visuals, combined with the narrative’s timeless themes, combine to create a thought-provoking cinematic experience. “Faust” transcends the conventional boundaries of the horror genre, emerging as an introspective exploration of human desires, the allure of power, and the far-reaching consequences of our choices.
1. The Phantom Carriage – Victor Sjöström (1921)
“The Phantom Carriage”, directed by Victor Sjöström, is a Swedish film that tells a story of redemption, set against the haunting backdrop of New Year’s Eve. The story centers on the tragic figure of David Holm, a man whose life has been impaired by persistent drunkenness and a neglect of his family. According to a local legend, the unfortunate soul who breathes their last at the stroke of midnight on New Year’s Eve is doomed to assume the role of driving Death’s carriage for the ensuing year, tasked with the duty of collecting the souls of the departed. Holm’s encounter with this chilling destiny, and the series of extraordinary supernatural events that ensue, prompt him to embark on a journey of self-discovery and reflection on the choices he has made.
The film is renowned for its groundbreaking narrative structure, using an innovative technique of flashbacks within flashbacks to tell its story, a method that was remarkably ahead of its time and contributed greatly to the film’s mystique and depth. The haunting visuals, achieved through the use of double exposure techniques, create a ghostly and otherworldly atmosphere that is deeply unsettling. “The Phantom Carriage” explores themes of redemption, morality, and the significant impact of one’s actions on the lives of others. Celebrated for its lasting impact on world cinema, “The Phantom Carriage” stands as proof of the power of film as a medium for exploring the deepest aspects of human nature, ensuring its place as one of the best horror films of the 1920s.
Summary
To summarise, here are the ten best horror films of the 1920s:
- The Golem: How He Came into the World – Paul Wegener, Carl Boese (1920)
- The Unknown – Tod Browning (1927)
- The Phantom of the Opera – Rupert Julian (1925)
- The Fall of the House of Usher – Jean Epstein (1928)
- A Page of Madness – Teinosuke Kinugasa (1926)
- Nosferatu – F. W. Murnau (1922)
- The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari – Robert Wiene (1920)
- The Man Who Laughs – Paul Leni (1928)
- Faust – F. W. Murnau (1926)
- The Phantom Carriage – Victor Sjöström (1921)
